Controller specially is one of the important thing in Module development series, and PHP MVC Framework in general. It functionarity is that received request, process and render page. In Magento 2 Controller has one or more files in Controller folder of module, it includes actions of class which contain execute() method. There are 2 different controllers, they are frontend controller and backend controller. They are generally similar of workflow, but admin controller is a little different. There is a checking permission method in admin controller, it calls form key.